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History of Cerulean blue:
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A painted swatch of Cerulean blue:
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Although Höpfner introduced cerulean blue as early as 1821, it was not widely available until its reintroduction in 1860 by George Rowney in England. Its name was derived from the Latin word caeruleum, meaning sky or heavens. Caeruleum was used in classical times to describe various blue pigments.
Like cobalt green, blue and smalt, it was made by the action of heat on cobalt oxide with other metallic bases.
This variety was a fairly true blue (not greenish or purplish) but it did not have the opacity or richness of cobalt blue. It was not recommended for use in watercolor painting because of chalkiness in washes. In oil, it kept its color better than any other blue and was particularly valuable to landscape painters for skies
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When was Cerulean blue used?
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