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Pigments through the Ages - Technical Information - Minium Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Minium Minium Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Minium Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details About the chemical structure: Chemical name: Lead(II,IV)-oxide Formula: Pb3O4 3D model: red = oxygen, light blue = lead Crystal system: tetragonal Refractive index: 2.42 Color: Color Index (C.I.) PR 105 How can you identify Minium? Imaging: UVF: dark red IRFC: yellow-brown OM: Tiny homogenous particles often clumped ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/technical/minium.html · 16.5k |
Pigments through the Ages - Manufacture Recipes - Lead-tin yellow Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Lead-tin yellow Lead-tin yellow / led tin yel • low / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details How Lead-tin yellow is made: Artificial variety of pigment Lead-tin yellow (type II) is produced by fusing lead, tin, and quartz compounds at about 800° C, yielding a yellow lead glass pigment that is ground and screened through a fine mesh. In the lab Materials needed: PbO or PbO2 or ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/recipe/leadtinyellow.html · 16.6k |
Pigments through the Ages - Technical Information - Cobalt green Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Cobalt green Cobalt green / ko • bawlt green / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details About the chemical structure: Chemical name: Cobalt(II)-oxide-zinc(II)-oxide Formula: CoO · ZnO Refractive index: n/a Color: Color Index (C.I.) PG 19 How can you identify Cobalt green? Imaging: OM: Cobalt green appears as fine, rounded and transparent particles under the microscope. ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/technical/cogreen.html · 15.2k |
Pigments through the Ages - Technical Information - Lead white Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Lead white Lead white / led wite / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details About the chemical structure: Chemical name: Basic lead(II)-carbonate Formula: 2 PbCO3· Pb(OH)2 Crystal system: Trigonal (at Mineralogy Database) Refractive index: Uniaxial (, e = 1.94, w = 2.09 Color: Color Index (C.I.) PW 1 How can you identify Lead white? Imaging: UVF: pale white IRFC: white OM ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/technical/leadwhite.html · 16.5k |
Pigments through the Ages - Technical Information - Cadmium yellow www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Cadmium yellow / kad • mee • uhm yel • low / Cadmium yellow Jump to pigment Madder lake (alizarine) Azurite Bone black Brown ochre Carmine Cadmium orange cadmium yellow Cerulean Blue Calcium carbonate whites Charcoal cobalt blue Cobalt green cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange chrome yellow copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo lead white Lemon yellow malachite Naples yellow Orpiment lead tin yellow Prussian blue realgar red lead Red ochre smalt titanium dioxide Ultramarine Umbra Van Dyke brown verdigris vermilion viridian Yellow ochre zinc white font size: a a a At a glance Background Making the pigment Technical details A painted swatch of Cadmium yellow: About the chemical structure: Chemical name: Cadmium(II)-sulfide and mixed crystals of ZnS . CdS, CdS . CdSe in varying proportions Formula: CdS Crystal system: greenockite: Hexagonal - Dihexagonal Pyramidal (at Mineralogy Database) Refractive index: e=2.506, w=2.529 How can you identify ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/technical/cdyellow.html · 15.5k |
Pigments through the Ages - Technical Information - Cobalt blue Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Cobalt blue Cobalt blue / ko • bawlt bloo / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details About the chemical structure: Chemical name: Cobalt(II) oxide-aluminum oxide Formula: CoO · Al2O3 Refractive index: n/a Color: Color Index (C.I.) PB 28 How can you identify Cobalt blue? Imaging: UVF: blue IRFC: red OM: cobalt blue has coarse particles, like azurite and ultramarine, but is ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/technical/coblue.html · 15.3k |
Pigments through the Ages - Technical Information - Emerald green Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Emerald green Emerald green / em • ruhld green / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details A painted swatch of Emerald green: n/a About the chemical structure: Chemical name: Copper(II)-acetoarsenite Formula: Cu(CH3COO)2 · 3 Cu(AsO2)2 Crystal system: monoclinic Refractive index: alpha = 1.71-2, beta = 1.77-8 Color: Color Index (C.I.) this is not considered a pigment anymore ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/technical/emerald.html · 16.1k |
Pigments through the Ages - Overview - Lead-tin yellow Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Lead-tin yellow Lead-tin yellow / led tin yel • low / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details Painted swatch of Lead-tin yellow. Brief description of Lead-tin yellow: An opaque yellow with good covering power. It's a Lead-Tin oxide, discovered in the 13th and used until 18th Century, but most common from 15th to 17th centuries. Commonly used in foliage with green and earth pigments. ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/overview/leadtinyellow.html · 15.7k |
Pigments through the Ages - Overview - Chrome yellow Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Chrome yellow Chrome yellow / krome yel • low / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details Painted swatch of Chrome yellow. Brief description of Chrome yellow: Relatively inexpensive yellow pigment with high covering power but with only fair lightfastness and chemical stability. The chrome colors were in use by 1816 but on a limited basis. Because the pigment tends to oxidize and darken ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/overview/cryellow.html · 15.3k |
Pigments through the Ages - History - Lead-tin yellow Home Background Purple Blue Green Yellow Orange Red White Brown Black About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Lead-tin yellow Lead-tin yellow / led tin yel • low / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Minium Naples yellow Orpiment Lead-tin yellow Prussian blue Realgar Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details A painted swatch of Lead-tin yellow: History of Lead-tin yellow: Type I Used between 13th and 18th centuries, but most common from 15th to 17th centuries. Commonly used in foliage with green and earth pigments. Type II The early production of lead-tin yellow type II was connected with the glass and ceramic ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/history/pbsnyellow.html · 13.4k |
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