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Pigments through the Ages - Technical Information - Indigo Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Indigo Indigo / in • deh • go / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details About the chemical structure: Chemical name: Indigotin (2,2'-Biindolinyliden-3,3'-dion) Formula: C16H10 N2O2 3D model: grey = carbon, red = oxygen, white = hydrogen, blue = nitrogen Crystal system: rhombic Refractive index: n/a Color: Color Index (C.I.) NB 1 How can you identify Indigo? Imaging: UVF: ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/technical/indigo.html · 16.2k |
Pigments through the Ages - Manufacture Recipes - Smalt Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Smalt Smalt / smalt / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details How Smalt is made: Artificial variety of pigment The cobalt ore was roasted and the cobalt oxide obtained was melted together with quartz and potash or added to molten glass. When poured into cold water, the blue melt disintegrated into particles, and there were ground in water mills and elutriated. Several grades of smalt ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/recipe/smalt.html · 17.5k |
Pigments through the Ages - Industrialization (1800) Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Industrialization (1800) Industrialization (1800) Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Cadmium yellow/red Carbon black Carmine Cerulean Blue Chrome orange Chrome yellow Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead white Lead-tin yellow Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Introduction Prehistory Antiquity Medieval Age Renaissance & Baroque Modern age Industrialization Contemporary age Painting techniques The main innovation in this era was the collapsible tin paint tube, invented in 1841 by American painter John Rand. This revolutionized the color palette and technique of plein-air oil painting by offering a range of pre ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/intro/industrialization.html · 16.0k |
Pigments through the Ages - Antiquity Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Antiquity Antiquity Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Cadmium yellow/red Carbon black Carmine Cerulean Blue Chrome orange Chrome yellow Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead white Lead-tin yellow Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Introduction Prehistory Antiquity Medieval Age Renaissance & Baroque Modern age Industrialization Contemporary age Painting techniques The Minoans are attributed with inventing the fresco by applying pigments directly to a fresh lime surface. The pigments they used were earth pigments because they were unaffected by alkalis. Egyptian artists covered limestone walls of tombs with a ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/intro/antiquity.html · 16.4k |
Pigments through the Ages - Modern art Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Modern art Modern art Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Cadmium yellow/red Carbon black Carmine Cerulean Blue Chrome orange Chrome yellow Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead white Lead-tin yellow Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Colors Purple Blue Green Yellow Orange Red White Brown Black Wassily Kandinsky, In the Blue, 1925 Franz Marc, The Little Blue Horses, 1911 Yves Klein, Monochrom Blue (IKB 181), 1956 Wassily Kandinsky, Franz Mark and Der Blaue Reiter Russian painter W. Kandinsky wrote in his famous book "On the Spiritual in Art" in 1910: "The inclination of blue to depth is so strong that its ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/intro/blues4.html · 13.9k |
Pigments through the Ages - Intro to the browns Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Intro to the browns Intro to the browns Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Cadmium yellow/red Carbon black Carmine Cerulean Blue Chrome orange Chrome yellow Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead white Lead-tin yellow Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Colors Purple Blue Green Yellow Orange Red White Brown Black Choose: Umber Van Dyke brown One of the first brown pigments was umber, a dark brown clay that contains iron and manganese oxides. Symbolism of the Color Brown The word brown comes from Old English “brún,” used for any dusky or dark shade of color. Brown represents earthiness. While brown might be ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/intro/browns.html · 15.9k |
Pigments through the Ages - History - Carmine lake Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Carmine lake Carmine lake / ka • chuh • neel / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details History of Carmine lake: Cochineal lake Cochineal, native to the New World, was used by the Aztecs for dyeing and painting and was brought to Europe in the sixteenth century following the Spanish conquest. When Cortez and his conquistadors entered the Mexican capital, with its great market place, ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/history/carmine.html · 11.4k |
Pigments through the Ages - Overview - Yellow ochre Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Yellow ochre Yellow ochre / oak • ur / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details Painted swatch of Yellow ochre. Brief description of Yellow ochre: Earthtones from cream to brown. Yellow ochre is a natural mineral consisting of silica and clay owing its color to an iron oxyhydroxide mineral, goethite. It is found throughout the world, in many shades, in hues from yellow to brown. The ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/overview/yellowochre.html · 15.5k |
Pigments through the Ages - Manufacture Recipes - Madder lake Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Madder lake Madder lake Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details How Madder lake is made: Origin: plant Madder is a dye that is made into a pigmented by "laking" it - binding it to a white powder. Drawing of the madder plant, and harvesting madder root Natural variety of pigment Roots of the madder plant are dried, crushed, hulled, boiled in weak acid to dissolve the dye, and ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/recipe/madder.html · 17.8k |
Pigments through the Ages - Color of power Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Color of power Color of power Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Cadmium yellow/red Carbon black Carmine Cerulean Blue Chrome orange Chrome yellow Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead white Lead-tin yellow Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Colors Purple Blue Green Yellow Orange Red White Brown Black Raphael, Portrait of a Cardinal, 1510-12 The Emperor alone was allowed to wear purple robes during Roman times. Senators had to make do with purple ribbons on their togas. German emperors continued the tradition of wearing purple robes as a symbol of power and they were joined by the cardinals in 1468. Strict ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/intro/reds4.html · 16.4k |
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