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Pigments through the Ages - History - Smalt Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Smalt Smalt / smalt / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details History of Smalt: In Europe the use of smalt as an artist's pigment lasted between the 15th and the 18th century. Although several writers have suggested that smalt could be a European invention discovered around 1540 by Christian Schiirrer, a Bohemian glassmaker, evidence shows that cobalt was used in Egypt since the 27th ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/history/smalt.html · 10.1k |
Pigments through the Ages - Overview - Smalt Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Smalt Smalt / smalt / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details Painted swatch of Smalt. Brief description of Smalt: It's a ground blue potassium glass containing cobalt used among the 15th and the 18th centuries. In Europe the use of smalt as an artist's pigment was widespread certainly as early as the late sixteenth century. Smalt was popular because of its low cost and its ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/overview/smalt.html · 14.6k |
Pigments through the Ages - History - Cobalt blue Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Cobalt blue Cobalt blue / ko • bawlt bloo / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details History of Cobalt blue: Although smalt, a pigment made from cobalt blue glass has been known at least since the Middle Ages, the cobalt blue established in the nineteenth century was a greatly improved one. The isolation of the blue color of smalt was discovered in the first half of the eighteenth ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/history/coblue.html · 11.5k |
Pigments through the Ages - Manufacture Recipes - Smalt Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Smalt Smalt / smalt / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details How Smalt is made: Artificial variety of pigment The cobalt ore was roasted and the cobalt oxide obtained was melted together with quartz and potash or added to molten glass. When poured into cold water, the blue melt disintegrated into particles, and there were ground in water mills and elutriated. Several grades of smalt ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/recipe/smalt.html · 17.5k |
Pigments through the Ages - Technical Information - Smalt Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Smalt Smalt / smalt / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details About the chemical structure: Chemical name: potassium glass containing cobalt Formula: SiO2(65%) + K20 (15%) + Al2O3 (5%) + CoO (10%) Crystal system: glass Refractive index: 1.46 - 1.55 Color: Color Index (C.I.) PB32 How can you identify Smalt? Imaging: OM: If ground too fine, it loses its color, therefore the ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/technical/smalt.html · 15.7k |
Pigments through the Ages - Technical Information - Prussian blue Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Prussian blue Prussian blue / pruh • shun bloo / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details About the chemical structure: Chemical name: Iron(III)-hexacyanoferrate(II) Formula: Fe[Fe3+Fe2+(CN)6]3 3D model: orange = iron, yellow = cyanide ion; crystal water: red = oxygen, white = hydrogen Crystal system: cubic Refractive index: isotropic Color: Color Index (C.I.) PB27 How can ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/technical/prussblue.html · 16.8k |
Pigments through the Ages - History - Egyptian blue Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Egyptian blue Egyptian blue / n/a / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details History of Egyptian blue: One of the oldest synthetic pigments. It was used by Egyptians for thousands of years. It is considered to be the first synthetic pigment. The pigment was known to the Romans by the name caeruleum.Vitruvius describes in his work de architectura how it was produced by grinding sand, ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/history/egyptblue.html · 10.2k |
Pigments through the Ages - History - Prussian blue Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Prussian blue Prussian blue / pruh • shun bloo / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details History of Prussian blue: The first modern, artificially manufactured color was Prussian blue. It was made by the colormaker Diesbach of Berlin in about 1704. Diesbach accidentally formed the blue pigment when experimenting with the oxidation of iron. The pigment was available to artists by 1724 ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/history/prussblue.html · 9.9k |
Pigments through the Ages - Overview - Cobalt blue Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Cobalt blue Cobalt blue / ko • bawlt bloo / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details Painted swatch of Cobalt blue. Brief description of Cobalt blue: It's a cobalt oxide-aluminum oxide. Very costly and extraordinary stable pigment of pure blue colour discovered by Thénard in 1802. It is now the most important of the cobalt pigments. Although smalt, a pigment made from cobalt blue glass ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/overview/coblue.html · 16.5k |
Pigments through the Ages - History - Ultramarine Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Ultramarine Ultramarine / ul • truh • muh • reen / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details History of Ultramarine: Natural Ultramarine Ultramarine is famous for having been the most expensive pigment. It was more expensive than gold during the Renaissance. First used in 6th century Afghanistan, the pigment found its most extensive use in 14th and 15th century illuminated manuscripts ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/history/ultramarine.html · 13.2k |
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