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Pigments through the Ages - History - Cobalt blue Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Cobalt blue Cobalt blue / ko • bawlt bloo / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details History of Cobalt blue: Although smalt, a pigment made from cobalt blue glass has been known at least since the Middle Ages, the cobalt blue established in the nineteenth century was a greatly improved one. The isolation of the blue color of smalt was discovered in the first half of the eighteenth ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/history/coblue.html · 11.5k |
Pigments through the Ages - Overview - Cobalt blue Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Cobalt blue Cobalt blue / ko • bawlt bloo / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details Painted swatch of Cobalt blue. Brief description of Cobalt blue: It's a cobalt oxide-aluminum oxide. Very costly and extraordinary stable pigment of pure blue colour discovered by Thénard in 1802. It is now the most important of the cobalt pigments. Although smalt, a pigment made from cobalt blue glass ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/overview/coblue.html · 16.5k |
Pigments through the Ages - Manufacture Recipes - Cobalt blue Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Cobalt blue Cobalt blue / ko • bawlt bloo / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details How Cobalt blue is made: In the lab Materials needed: Aluminum chloride AlCl3, Cobalt(II)-chloride CoCl2 · 6H2O Safety (MSDSs): Cobalt(II)-chloride, Aluminum chloride (at Fisher Scientific) Method: 1 g Cobalt(II)-chloride (CoCl2 · 6H2O) and 5 g Aluminum chloride are homogenized in a mortar and ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/recipe/coblue.html · 15.7k |
Pigments through the Ages - Technical Information - Cobalt blue Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Cobalt blue Cobalt blue / ko • bawlt bloo / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details About the chemical structure: Chemical name: Cobalt(II) oxide-aluminum oxide Formula: CoO · Al2O3 Refractive index: n/a Color: Color Index (C.I.) PB 28 How can you identify Cobalt blue? Imaging: UVF: blue IRFC: red OM: cobalt blue has coarse particles, like azurite and ultramarine, but is ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/technical/coblue.html · 15.3k |
Pigments through the Ages - Manufacture Recipes - Smalt Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Smalt Smalt / smalt / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details How Smalt is made: Artificial variety of pigment The cobalt ore was roasted and the cobalt oxide obtained was melted together with quartz and potash or added to molten glass. When poured into cold water, the blue melt disintegrated into particles, and there were ground in water mills and elutriated. Several grades of smalt ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/recipe/smalt.html · 17.5k |
Pigments through the Ages - History - Cobalt yellow Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Cobalt yellow Cobalt yellow / ko • bawlt yel • low / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details History of Cobalt yellow: Although little is recorded on the history of cobalt yellow (or Aureolin), all sources cited credit the discovery of this potassium and cobalt compound to N. W. Fischer in Breslau in 1848. Gettens and Stout cite J. G. Bearn (The Chemistry of Paints, Pigments and ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/history/coyellow.html · 10.6k |
Pigments through the Ages - History - Cobalt green Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Cobalt green Cobalt green / ko • bawlt green / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details History of Cobalt green: The preparation of zinc oxide at the end of the eighteenth century made the development of cobalt green, also known as zinc green, possible. The Swedish chemist, Rinmann is credited with developing a process for making a compound of cobalt and zinc in 1780 that he published ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/history/cogreen.html · 10.4k |
Pigments through the Ages - Overview - Cerulean blue Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Cerulean blue Cerulean blue / suh • roo • lee • uhn bloo / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details Painted swatch of Cerulean blue. Brief description of Cerulean blue: It's a cobalt stannate which was introduce as a pigment in the 1860s. Very stable and lightfast greenish blue with limited hiding power. Cerulean blue has a fairly true blue (not greenish or purplish) but it doesn't ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/overview/ceruleanblue.html · 15.3k |
Pigments through the Ages - History - Smalt Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Smalt Smalt / smalt / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details History of Smalt: In Europe the use of smalt as an artist's pigment lasted between the 15th and the 18th century. Although several writers have suggested that smalt could be a European invention discovered around 1540 by Christian Schiirrer, a Bohemian glassmaker, evidence shows that cobalt was used in Egypt since the 27th ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/history/smalt.html · 10.1k |
Pigments through the Ages - History - Cobalt violet Home Introduction Choose a pigment Browse colors Time periods Make paintings Look closer About www.webexhibits.org/pigments » Cobalt violet Cobalt violet / ko • bawlt vie • (uh) • luht / Jump to pigment Azurite Bone black Carbon black Carmine Cadmium yellow/red Cerulean Blue Cobalt blue Cobalt green Cobalt violet Cobalt yellow Chrome orange Chrome yellow Copper resinate Egyptian blue Emerald green Green earth Indian yellow Indigo Lead-tin yellow Lead white Lemon yellow Lime white Madder Malachite Naples yellow Orpiment Prussian blue Realgar Red lead Red ochre Smalt Titanium white Ultramarine Umber Van Dyke brown Verdigris Vermilion Viridian Yellow ochre Zinc white font size: a a a Overview History of use Making the pigment Technical details History of Cobalt violet: The remarkable range of pigments that could be produced with cobalt included cobalt violet, is known since 1859. Salvetat first described the preparation of cobalt violet in Comptes Rendus des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences XLVIII in an article titled, " ... http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/history/coviolet.html · 10.3k |
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