Documents similar to http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/year-text-Copernicus.html |
Nicholas Copernicus | Calendars Calendars exhibit Webexhibit Home Node view Years & months Various Calendars Our Week Timeline About Overview Astronomy Perpetual calendar Month of Moons Today's Moon History Definitions International Do it yourself A page from the "Calendars" exhibit... The text of: Nicholas Copernicus De Revolutionibus (On the Revolutions), 1543 C.E. Nicholas Copemicus (1473-1543) That Nicholas Copernicus delayed until near death to publish De revolutionibus has been taken as a sign that he was well aware of the possible furor his work might incite; certainly his preface to Pope Paul III anticipates many of the objections it raised. But he could hardly have anticipated that he would eventually become one of the most famous people of all time on the basis of a book that comparatively few have actually read (and fewer still understood) in the 450 years since it was first printed. Copernicus was bom into a well-to-do mercantile family in 1473, at Torun, Poland. After the death of his father, he was sponsored by his uncle, Bishop Watzenrode, who sent him first to the ... http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/year-text-Copernicus.html · 130.0k |
Galileo Galilei | Calendars Calendars exhibit Webexhibit Home Node view Years & months Various Calendars Our Week Timeline About Overview Astronomy Perpetual calendar Month of Moons Today's Moon History Definitions International Do it yourself A page from the "Calendars" exhibit... The text of: Galileo Galilei Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, 1632 Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Today Galileo is a famous and romantic name. We have all been taught the story of his heroic fight in the name of science against the intractable ignorance of the tyrannical Catholic church. The reality is not so starkly drawn, but no less interesting for that; Galileo’s own arrogance created many enemies, and Rome’s anxiety over its authority in the schismatic era of the Protestant reformation made their collision inevitable. Galileo was a professor of mathematics, first at the University of Pisa, where he had been born, and then at Padua, perhaps establishing a reputation for his willingness to offend Aristotelian philosophers perhaps, with the publication of De Motu (On Motion), but for little ... http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/year-text-Galileo.html · 314.3k |
Our Week | Calendars Calendars exhibit Webexhibit Home Node view Years & months Various Calendars Our Week Timeline About Our Week Connotations A page from the "Calendars" exhibit... Our seven day week has been used for millennia by the Christian, Jewish, Islamic, Persian and Chinese calendars, yet its origins are most uncertain. What Is the Origin of the 7-Day Week? What Do the Names of the Days of the Week Mean? What is the System behind the Planetary Day Names? Has the 7-Day Week Cycle Ever Been Interrupted? Which Day is the Day of Rest? What Is the First Day of the Week? What Is the Week Number? How can I calculate the week number? Do Weeks of Different Lengths Exist? What day was a certain date? Contemporary Mask. Mexico. Since time immemorial, the sun and the moon have inspired artists. Incan field workers would chant, "The sun rains gold, the moon rains silver." In art, the warm, golden sun is often depicted as male, while the cool, silver moon is portrayed as female. What Is the Origin of the 7-Day Week? Digging into the history of the 7-day week is a very complicated ... http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/week.html · 20.1k |
Some Future Calendars | Calendars Calendars exhibit Webexhibit Home Node view Years & months Various Calendars Our Week Timeline About Overview Chinese Christian Indian Islamic Jewish Others Ancient French Future Mayan Roman Perpetual A page from the "Calendars" exhibit... Modern schemes for reform? Other planets Martian Coruscant (Star Wars) Modern schemes for reform? The current calendar is not without defects, and reforms are still being proposed. Astronomically, it really calls for no improvement, but the seven-day week and the different lengths of months are unsatisfactory to some. Clearly, if the calendar could have all festivals and all rest days fixed on the same dates every year, as in the original Julian calendar, this arrangement would be more convenient, and two general schemes have been put forward–the International Fixed Calendar and the World Calendar. The International Fixed Calendar is essentially a perpetual Gregorian calendar, in which the year is divided into 13 months, each of 28 days, with an additional day at the end. Present month names are retained, but a new ... http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/calendar-future.html · 31.7k |
Plutarch | Calendars Calendars exhibit Webexhibit Home Node view Years & months Various Calendars Our Week Timeline About Overview Astronomy Perpetual calendar Month of Moons Today's Moon History Definitions International Do it yourself A page from the "Calendars" exhibit... Excerpt of: Plutarch Numa Pompilius, ca. 75 C.E. Plutarch (46 - 119 CE) Plutarch was a biographer and author whose works strongly influenced the evolution of the essay, the biography, and historical writing in Europe from the 16th to the 19th century. Among his approximately 227 works, the most important are the Bioi paralleloi (Parallel Lives), in which he recounts the noble deeds and characters of Greek and Roman soldiers, legislators, orators, and statesmen, and the Moralia, or Ethica, a series of more than 60 essays on ethical, religious, physical, political, and literary topics. He was born in Chaeronea, Boeotia (Greece). His name is Plutarchos (Greek) and Plutarchus (Latin) Numa Pompilius lived around 700 B.C.E. and was the second of the seven kings who, according to Roman tradition, ruled Rome before ... http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/year-text-Plutarch.html · 11.7k |
Astronomical Basis Of Calendars | Calendars Calendars exhibit Webexhibit Home Node view Years & months Various Calendars Our Week Timeline About Overview Astronomy Perpetual calendar Month of Moons Today's Moon History Definitions International Do it yourself A page from the "Calendars" exhibit... The principal astronomical cycles are the day (based on the rotation of the Earth on its axis), the year (based on the revolution of the Earth around the Sun), and the month (based on the revolution of the Moon around the Earth). The complexity of calendars arises because these cycles of revolution do not comprise an integral number of days, and because astronomical cycles are neither constant nor perfectly commensurable with each other. What are different measures of the year? What are Equinoxes and Solstices? Did the church study astronomy? Didn’t the church condemn Galileo? How did the observatories work? How did Cassini prove Kepler was right? What are different measures of the year? The tropical year is defined as the mean interval between vernal equinoxes; it corresponds to the cycle of the seasons ... http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/year-astronomy.html · 24.4k |
British Calendar | Calendars Calendars exhibit Webexhibit Home Node view Years & months Various Calendars Our Week Timeline About Overview Astronomy Perpetual calendar Month of Moons Today's Moon History Definitions International Do it yourself A page from the "Calendars" exhibit... The text of: British Calendar Act of 1751 In the year 1752 the British Parliament and King George II corrected several problems with the then current Julian calendar. The correction was first adopted by Pope Gregory XIII in October of 1582. However, adoption of the Gregorian Calendar outside of Catholic countries was delayed as Martin Luther (the original) had nailed his Ninety-five Theses to the door of his church on October 31, 1517. This started the Protestant Reformation, which was still ringing strong enough in 1582 to make most Protestant countries resist "bowing" to any Papal decree. Only after the problems had been growing for about 200 additional years did Great Britain adopt the Gregorian Calendar. The law was passed in 1751 and implemented in 1752. Great Britain was actually an early-bird in the ... http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/year-text-British.html · 39.3k |
Various Weekday Connotations And Origins | Calendars Calendars exhibit Webexhibit Home Node view Years & months Various Calendars Our Week Timeline About Our Week Connotations A page from the "Calendars" exhibit... → Return to the week interpretation Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday UNO/ISO day order 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 biblical day order 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Roman god(dess) Luna Mars Mercurius Jupiter Venus Saturnus Sol Greek god(dess) Selene Ares Hermes Zeus Aphrodite Chronos Helios astrological planet Moon Mars Mercury Jupiter Venus Saturn Sun astrological planetary character (selection) moods, emotion war, achievement cunning, purposefulness power, expansion beauty, harmony death, limitation expression, self-confidence synodic revolution period (days) 29.53 779.9 115.9 398.9 583.9 378.1 1.000 symbolic planetary number 7 9 5 3 6 8 4 alchemical metal Silver Iron Mercury Tin Copper Lead Gold zodiac signs Cancer (06-22 - 07-22) Aries (03-21 - 04-20), Scorpio (10-24 - 11-22) Gemini (05-21 - 06-21), Virgo (08-24 - 09-23) Pisces ... http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/week-connotations.html · 9.7k |
The Islamic Calendar | Calendars Calendars exhibit Webexhibit Home Node view Years & months Various Calendars Our Week Timeline About Overview Chinese Christian Indian Islamic Jewish Others Ancient French Future Mayan Roman Perpetual A page from the "Calendars" exhibit... The Kabba. Mecca, Saudi Arabia. According to Islamic tradition, the cube-shaped Kabba dates back to the time of Abraham. It is the most sacred Muslim site, and the location towards which all Muslims face during prayer. The Islamic calendar (or Hijri calendar) is a purely lunar calendar. It contains 12 months that are based on the motion of the moon, and because 12 synodic months is only 12 x 29.53=354.36 days, the Islamic calendar is consistently shorter than a tropical year, and therefore it shifts with respect to the Christian calendar. The calendar is based on the Qur'an (Sura IX, 36-37) and its proper observance is a sacred duty for Muslims. The Islamic calendar is the official calendar in countries around the Gulf, especially Saudi Arabia. But other Muslim countries use the Gregorian calendar for civil purposes ... http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/calendar-islamic.html · 13.5k |
Roman Fasti | Calendars Calendars exhibit Webexhibit Home Node view Years & months Various Calendars Our Week Timeline About Overview Astronomy Perpetual calendar Month of Moons Today's Moon History Definitions International Do it yourself A page from the "Calendars" exhibit... Examples of: Roman Fasti Some 200 fragments of Roman calendars have been found so far, and they are collectively known as Fasti. There is a common style and format reflected in all of them, but there are also many differences, particularly regional differences. Some beautiful examples have been found in nearly complete condition with the original colors still visible. In the fasti below, notice that the Nones were lined up horizontally by squeezing in the first six days of some months into the space taken up by four in the others. This gave an orderly visual effect to the top part of the calendar, but was not applied to the Ides. Similarly squeezed are the names of the gods to whom particular days were sacred. The calendar represented here is for the months of Januarius, Februarius and Martius. It is from ... http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/year-text-Fasti.html · 9.1k |
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