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The Islamic Calendar | Calendars Calendars exhibit Webexhibit Home Node view Years & months Various Calendars Our Week Timeline About Overview Chinese Christian Indian Islamic Jewish Others Ancient French Future Mayan Roman Perpetual A page from the "Calendars" exhibit... The Kabba. Mecca, Saudi Arabia. According to Islamic tradition, the cube-shaped Kabba dates back to the time of Abraham. It is the most sacred Muslim site, and the location towards which all Muslims face during prayer. The Islamic calendar (or Hijri calendar) is a purely lunar calendar. It contains 12 months that are based on the motion of the moon, and because 12 synodic months is only 12 x 29.53=354.36 days, the Islamic calendar is consistently shorter than a tropical year, and therefore it shifts with respect to the Christian calendar. The calendar is based on the Qur'an (Sura IX, 36-37) and its proper observance is a sacred duty for Muslims. The Islamic calendar is the official calendar in countries around the Gulf, especially Saudi Arabia. But other Muslim countries use the Gregorian calendar for civil purposes ... http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/calendar-islamic.html · 13.5k |
The Christian Calendar - Easter | Calendars Calendars exhibit Webexhibit Home Node view Years & months Various Calendars Our Week Timeline About Overview Chinese Christian Indian Islamic Jewish Others Ancient French Future Mayan Roman Perpetual A page from the "Calendars" exhibit... Prayer Tower (detail). Pittsburg, Texas, USA This stained glass window from Witness Park and the Prayer Tower in Pittsburg, Texas, depicts the crucifixion of Jesus Christ on Good Friday, two days before His Resurrection on Easter Sunday. What is Easter? When is Easter? (Short answer) When is Easter? (Long answer) What is the Golden Number? How does one calculate Easter then? What is the Epact? How does one calculate Gregorian Easter? Isn’t there a simpler way to calculate Easter? Isn’t there an even simpler way to calculate Easter? Is there a simple relationship between two consecutive Easters? How frequently are the dates for Easter repeated? What about Greek Orthodox Easter? Will the Easter dates change after 2001? What is Easter? In the Christian world, Easter (and the days immediately preceding it) is ... http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/calendar-christian-easter.html · 27.8k |
The Christian Calendar | Calendars Calendars exhibit Webexhibit Home Node view Years & months Various Calendars Our Week Timeline About Overview Chinese Christian Indian Islamic Jewish Others Ancient French Future Mayan Roman Perpetual A page from the "Calendars" exhibit... The "Christian calendar" is the term traditionally used to designate the calendar commonly in use, although it originated in pre-Christian Rome. This calendar is used by the United States, and most countries in the world. This section presents historical information about the Christian calendar. For more current information about how our calendar works today, see the section on Our Year. The Christian calendar has years of 365 or 366 days. It is divided into 12 months that have no relationship to the motion of the moon. In parallel with this system, the concept of weeks groups the days in sets of 7. Two main versions of the Christian calendar have existed in recent times: The Julian calendar and the Gregorian calendar. The difference between them lies in the way they approximate the length of the tropical year and their ... http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/calendar-christian.html · 27.8k |
Some Other Calendars | Calendars Calendars exhibit Webexhibit Home Node view Years & months Various Calendars Our Week Timeline About Overview Chinese Christian Indian Islamic Jewish Others Ancient French Future Mayan Roman Perpetual A page from the "Calendars" exhibit... Ethiopian Persian (Iran) Balinese Baha'i Ethiopian The Ethiopian calendar is based on the Coptic calendar, although it differs with regard to the saint’s days and the time of observing them. The Coptic, or Egyptian, calendar is 7/8 years behind the Gregorian calendar. This discrepancy results from differences between the Ethiopian Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church as to the date of the creation of the world. The Ethiopian calendar is based on the Egyptian. An Egyptian year has 13 months. The first 12 months have 30 days. The last month, Paguemain, is an intercalary month, which has 6 days on leap year and 5 on others. The year starts on 11 September in the Gregorian Calendar or on the 12th in (Gregorian) Leap Years. The Coptic Leap Year follows the same rules as the Gregorian so that the extra month ... http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/calendar-other.html · 24.5k |
Our Year | Calendars Calendars exhibit Webexhibit Home Node view Years & months Various Calendars Our Week Timeline About Overview Astronomy Perpetual calendar Month of Moons Today's Moon History Definitions International Do it yourself A page from the "Calendars" exhibit... Illuminations of Dante’s Divine Comedy by Giovanni di Paolo (15th century) Dante and Beatrice reach the sun, shown as a golden wheel sending golden rays to the landscape below. The Sun, located in the middle of the orbs, with three lesser above and three below, like the heart in the middle of the body, or a wise king in the middle of his kingdom. The calendar is based on three key astronomical events. A day, which is the time from one sunrise to the next sunrise — one complete rotation of the Earth. A year, which is approximately 365.24 days — one complete orbit of Earth around the Sun. A month, which is approximately 29.53 days — one complete orbit of the Moon around the Earth. Since these time spans are not easily divided, calendars have always been imperfect. Some were rooted in tradition, while others ... http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/year.html · 10.8k |
The French Revolutionary Calendar | Calendars Calendars exhibit Webexhibit Home Node view Years & months Various Calendars Our Week Timeline About Overview Chinese Christian Indian Islamic Jewish Others Ancient French Future Mayan Roman Perpetual A page from the "Calendars" exhibit... The French Revolutionary Calendar (or Republican Calendar) was officially adopted in France on October 24, 1793 and abolished on 1 January 1806 by Emperor Napoleon I. It was used again briefly during under the Paris Commune in 1871. The French also established a new clock, in which the day was divided in ten hours of a hundred minutes of a hundred seconds - exactly 100,000 seconds per day. The calendar was adopted more than one year after the advent of the First Republic (there was no year 1), after a long debate involving the mathematicians Romme and Monge, the poets Chénier and Fabre d’ Eglantine and the painter David. The mathematicians contributed equal month division, and a decimal measures of time. The poets contributed the name of the days, choosing the names of plants, domestic animals and tools; the months rhyme ... http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/calendar-french.html · 12.6k |
Indian Calendar | Calendars Calendars exhibit Webexhibit Home Node view Years & months Various Calendars Our Week Timeline About Overview Chinese Christian Indian Islamic Jewish Others Ancient French Future Mayan Roman Perpetual A page from the "Calendars" exhibit... Festival. Surajkund Mela, Haryana, India A group of women dress colorfully for an Indian festival. As a result of a calendar reform in 1957 C.E., the National Calendar of India is a formalized lunisolar calendar in which leap years coincide with those of the Gregorian calendar (Calendar Reform Committee, 1957). However, the initial epoch is the Saka Era, a traditional epoch of Indian chronology. Months are named after the traditional Indian months and are offset from the beginning of Gregorian months (see the table below). In addition to establishing a civil calendar, the Calendar Reform Committee set guidelines for religious calendars, which require calculations of the motions of the Sun and Moon. Tabulations of the religious holidays are prepared by the India Meteorological Department and published annually in The ... http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/calendar-indian.html · 18.4k |
Countries` Calendar Reform | Calendars Calendars exhibit Webexhibit Home Node view Years & months Various Calendars Our Week Timeline About Overview Astronomy Perpetual calendar Month of Moons Today's Moon History Definitions International Do it yourself A page from the "Calendars" exhibit... The Election: 1. An Election Entertainment. By William Hogarth (1754) One of the most hotly contested issues of the 1754 election was calendar reform. The orange banner on the left of Hogarth’s painting carries a protest against the Gregorian calendar. It reads, "Give us our eleven days." In most societies a calendar reform is an extraordinary event. Adoption of a calendar depends on the forcefulness with which it is introduced and on the willingness of society to accept it. For example, the acceptance of the Gregorian calendar as a worldwide standard spanned more than three centuries. The legal code of the United States does not specify an official national calendar. Use of the Gregorian calendar in the United States stems from an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom in 1751, which specified use of the ... http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/year-countries.html · 15.9k |
Definitions Of Our Year | Calendars Calendars exhibit Webexhibit Home Node view Years & months Various Calendars Our Week Timeline About Overview Astronomy Perpetual calendar Month of Moons Today's Moon History Definitions International Do it yourself A page from the "Calendars" exhibit... The calendar used throughout the world today is the Gregorian calendar. It is sometimes called a "Christian" calendar, and additional historic information about this calendar, and its precursor, the Julian calendar, are available in the history of the Cristian calendar section. The Gregorian calendar is the one commonly used today. It was proposed by Aloysius Lilius, a physician from Naples, and adopted by Pope Gregory XIII (portrait above right) in accordance with instructions from the Council of Trent (1545-1563) to correct for errors in the older Julian Calendar. It was decreed by Pope Gregory XIII in a papal bull, Inter Gravissimas, on February 24, 1582 (shown at right). This bull is named "Inter Gravissimas" after its first two words. In the Gregorian calendar, the tropical year is approximated as 365 97/ ... http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/year-definitions.html · 34.8k |
Timeline Of Interesting Calendar Facts | Calendars Calendars exhibit Webexhibit Home Node view Years & months Various Calendars Our Week Timeline About A page from the "Calendars" exhibit... Length of the tropical year, defined as the average interval between vernal equinoxes. This calendar year was the objective of the Gregorian calendar reform, which finalized the calendar as we use it today. 365 days, 5 hours, 49 minutes (365.2424 Universal days) Lengthening of the vernal equinox year over the last two millennia About 10 seconds (0.0001 universal days per year) Variation of this length in the next few millennia less than 5 seconds Lunar month in 2000 C.E. 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes, 2.9 seconds The earliest known date 4236 B.C.E., the founding of the Egyptian calendar Ancient Egyptian calendar year 365 Date Emperor Huangdi invented the Chinese calendar (legend) 2637 B.C.E. Early Chinese year 354 days (lunar year) with days added at intervals to keep the Chinese lunar calendar aligned with the seasons Early Greek year 354 days, with days added Jewish Year 354 days, with days added Early Roman ... http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/timeline.html · 13.0k |
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